Reforma tributária pode gerar alta de 60% em impostos de itens da cesta básica Estados da região Sul serão os mais afetados, diz Abras
A proposta de reforma tributária apresentada na semana passada pode provocar um aumento de 59,83%%, em média, nos impostos que recaem sobre a cesta básica e itens de higiene, de acordo com estimativa da Associação Brasileira de Supermercados (Abras). O presidente da entidade, João Galassi, esteve ontem (1°), na capital paulista, com o ministro da Fazenda, Fernando Haddad, para discutir os impactos da reforma sobre o setor.
Pelos cálculos da associação, os estados da região Sul serão os mais afetados, caso a reforma seja aprovada no Congresso Nacional, já que o aumento médio na tributação será de 93,5%. As regiões Centro-oeste e Sudeste aparecem logo em seguida na lista, com alta prevista de 69,3% e 55,5%. Para as regiões Norte e Nordeste, o incremento deve ser de 40,5%, 35,8%.
No levantamento, foram considerados produtos como arroz, feijão, carnes ovos, legumes, dentre outros. A Abras levou em conta a adoção reduzida em 50% sobre a alíquota padrão do IVA (Imposto sobre Valor Agregado) prevista de 25%, que está em discussão.
A possibilidade de haver encarecimento de produtos básicos já havia sido antecipada por especialista ouvido pela Agência Brasil. O texto relativo à reforma tributária tem como foco a simplificação e unificação de tributos sobre o consumo e a criação do Fundo de Desenvolvimento Regional, com montante de R$ 40 milhões, para destinar verba a projetos de estados com menos orçamento. O relator da matéria, que deve ser votada na Câmara dos Deputados esta semana, é o parlamentar Aguinaldo Ribeiro (PP-PB).
Ao final da reunião, o secretário extraordinário da Reforma Tributária, Bernard Appy, rebateu os números da Abras, dizendo que o patamar de tributos que incidem sobre a cesta básica deverá permanecer na mesma linha do que existe hoje, mesmo com a reforma. Appy afirmou que o cálculo da associação “não informa”, e sim “desinforma”, porque deixa de fora parte dos efeitos positivos que o redesenho da tributação deve ocasionar.
“Primeiro, não é que estão dizendo que vai haver um aumento de 60% na cesta básica. O que eles estão dizendo é que a carga tributária, o montante que incide sobre a cesta básica teria um aumento de 60%, pelas contas deles. Por esse tipo de raciocínio, se eu tiver uma alíquota de 0,1% e ela for para 1%, aumentou 900%. Segundo, mesmo a conta que eles trouxeram está errada. Por quê? A conta que a Abras fez pegou simplesmente do ponto de vista da tributação atual da margem dos supermercados, na venda de produtos da cesta básica, do PIS Cofins, eles estimaram, com base nas alíquotas de cada estado, qual o impacto da adoção de uma alíquota que fosse 50% de uma alíquota básica, que é o que está previsto na PEC”, disse.
“Problema do cálculo deles: primeiro, não consideram todo o resíduo tributário correspondente a todas as etapas anteriores da produção e o custo tributário que incide nos produtos é o custo todo, desde o produtor até o consumidor, contando todo o imposto que é pago, inclusive o imposto que não é recuperado em todas essas etapas. Segundo ponto que falha no raciocínio deles: só olharam tributação da margem dos produtos da cesta básica, esqueceram de colocar no cálculo deles a redução de custos que os supermercados vão ter em função da cesta básica, pela recuperação de créditos que hoje eles não recuperam. Hoje, por exemplo, não recuperam crédito nenhum do imposto incidente na energia elétrica usada no supermercado, no serviço que ele usa de terceirização de mão de obra, no que compra para o seu ativo imobilizado. Todo o investimento que faz é tributado e eles não recuperam crédito”, acrescentou.
Fonte: Agência Brasil
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